This anthropomorphic art has been linked by archaeologist Steven Mithen with the emergence of more systematic hunting practices in the Upper Palaeolithic. In either case there is an element of anthropomorphism. A more recent example is The Sorcerer, an enigmatic cave painting from the Trois-Frères Cave, Ariège, France: the figure's significance is unknown, but it is usually interpreted as some kind of great spirit or master of the animals. It is not possible to say what these prehistoric artworks represent. One of the oldest known is an ivory sculpture, the Löwenmensch figurine, Germany, a human-shaped figurine with the head of a lioness or lion, determined to be about 32,000 years old. Examples in prehistoryĪnthropomorphic "pebble" figures from the 7th millennium BCįrom the beginnings of human behavioral modernity in the Upper Paleolithic, about 40,000 years ago, examples of zoomorphic (animal-shaped) works of art occur that may represent the earliest known evidence of anthropomorphism. It is first attested in 1753, originally in reference to the heresy of applying a human form to the Christian God. EtymologyĪnthropomorphism and anthropomorphization derive from the verb form anthropomorphize, itself derived from the Greek ánthrōpos ( ἄνθρωπος, lit. People have also routinely attributed human emotions and behavioral traits to wild as well as domesticated animals. Both have ancient roots as storytelling and artistic devices, and most cultures have traditional fables with anthropomorphized animals as characters. Personification is the related attribution of human form and characteristics to abstract concepts such as nations, emotions, and natural forces, such as seasons and weather. It is considered to be an innate tendency of human psychology. 1650Īnthropomorphism is the attribution of human traits, emotions, or intentions to non-human entities. Personification of Music by Antonio Franchi, c.
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